benzinger



A. BENZINGER.-

RADIATOR.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 23,1919.

1,319,509, Patented Oct. 21,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A. BENZINGER.

RADIATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-23.1919.

' Patented Oct. 21,1919.

' 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 ALBERT IBENZINGEB, OI

RADIATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 21, 1919.

Application filed January 23, 1919. Serial No. 272,660.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT BENZINGER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Radiators, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to cooling devices and more especially to radiators for explosive engines, and its'object is to alford a more efficient radiating surface and more elasticity of the structure under disrupting influences, such as freezing, and at the same time simplify the construction and maintenance of the device. Other objects will appear in the ensuing description.

My invention consists in the combination of parts and in the details of construction and arrangement of parts as will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a general perspective view of a radiator constructed according to my invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the same;

Fig. 3 is a vertical front-to-rear section on a plane corresponding to the line 3.3

of Fig. 1;

Fig.- 4 is a detail inverted plan view of the top;

Fig. 5 is a detail plan View of the bottom; Fig. 6 is a partial section corresponding to Fig. 3, enlarged, showing the preferred formation and junction of the plates;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a modification; and

Figs. 8 and 9 are partial front elevations showing modified patterns of embossing in the plates.

As I prefer to construct my improved radiator, it comprises the top -1 and bottom 2, each .suitably constructed of sheet metal whereby it is of hollow formation; these being joined by upright lateral parts 3, which together with the top 1 and bottom 2 constitute an outer framework for the radiator. This framework near its bottom preferably has the laterally projected lugs 4 by means of which it is attached to the frame of the vehicle or engine or other device in connection with which the radiator is used. The inlet nipple 5 leads into the lower rear part ofthe top 1, and the outlet nipple 6 leads from the lower part, of the bottom 2 rearwardly and has the drain-cock 7. Also, the top 1 has the. neck 8 suitably provided with a cap 9 which, upon removal,

CINCINNATI, onro, nssxenon or Orin-HALF To W SCHOENLE, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

permits of filling the cooling apparatus with Water or other cooling medium. I

Occupying the space within the framework madeup of the details just described, are the radiator cores 10 having hollow intenors communicating with the interiors of the top -1 and bottom '2, so that water or other cooling medium entering the top 1 passes down through the cores 10 and is cooled by contact with the inner surfaces of the cores and then passes into the bottom 2 and out through the outlets 6. It will be understood that suitable connections are made between the outlet 6 and inlet 5, so that a constant circulation of the cooling medium is maintained through the water ackets of the engine or the corresponding cooling apparatus of any other devices required to be cooled..

Each one of the cores or units 10' is made up of two thin metal-sheets 11 and 12. Each one of these sheets has a plurality of holes punched in it and from each hole is pressed out a short neck 13 or 14, respectively. These necks 13 and 14 are integral with the metal of the respective sheets. Each such hole and its accompanying neck 13 or 14 .is surrounded by an annular boss 15 or 16 pressed out from the sheet 11 or 12, respectively, on the side opposite from.

that where the neck 13 or 14 extends.

The holes and the accompanying necks 13 and- 14 and bosses 15. and 16 being of a circular pattern, as shown in Figs. 1 to 6, spaces are left between each adjacent four bosses 15 and,16 in the. respective sheet 11 or 12, and, preferably, in these spaces small round bosses 17 or 18, respectively,.are pressed out on the sides where the necks are.

The neck 13 of the sheet 11 is somewhat longer than the neck 14 of the sheet 12, but is of less diameter in such degree that it snugly fits inside the neck. 14. The two sheets thus formed are brought together so that all of the necks 13 of the sheet 11 pass through the necks 14 of the sheet 12 until the ends of the necks 14 come against the adjacent side of the sheet 11 around the respective necks 13. These necks 14 thus form spacing elements between the two sheets. Thereupon, the protruding ends of the necks 13 are flanged out and down against the outer surface of the sheet 12. This fastensthe-two. sheets securely together. The'lugs 1-7 and 18,1by this relation of the sheets, are brought together and also form spacing elements between the two sheets 11 and 12.

Where the inner sleeve 13 is thus flanged out tightly against the other sheet 12, the joint is soldered; and the solder may be sweated in between the two necks 13 and 14. This strengthens the structure and makes it watertight at these joints. Preferably, the sheets are tinned on their inner sides before bein put together, thus insuring the success of t e soldering. .Also, each one of the flanged necks 13 being entirely surrounded by one of the annular bosses 16, a narrow an- 'nular basin is thus constituted entirely around adjacent to the flange so that the solder is held thereto in conslolerable quantity and the soldered joint is thus made very heavy and substantial.

These just described details are especially clearly shown in Fig. 6 of thedrawings.

The lateral edges of the plates are preferably secured together as shown in the lefthand sectional part of Fig. 2. The sheet 12 has its edge part 19 turned back and then a flange 20 of this part is turned laterally outwardly. Over this flange 20 is seamed the edge part 21 of the other sheet 11; and then, preferably, this seam is again turned inward against the outside of the part 19 of the sheet 12, forming a double seam 22 along each vertical edge of the core or unit 10. This seam.

is soldered in the usual manner. Such a junction of the plates at their lateral edges greatly reinforces them thereat; but it will be understood that any suitable liquid-tight and properly reinforcing construction may be provided in these parts of the core or unit.

The tops 23 and bottoms 2 1 of the respective units 10 are left open to the extent provided by the spacing afforded by the necks let and bosses 17 and 18. The top 1 of the radiator has the transverse slots 25, and the bottom 2 has the transverse slots 26 (Figs, 4c

and 5.) Into these slots 25 and 26 are in-' serted the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the respective units 10, so that theedge parts of the sheets 11 and 12 project some distance above the inner surfaces of the slotted parts, whereupon these edge parts are flanged over and soldered. These junctions v are clearly shown in Fig. 3.

-I prefer to give to the top 1 of the radiatora} forwardly swelled formation at its middlefas indicated inFigs. 1 to 45; this design of the radiator top being very much in favor, not only on account of its ornamental appearance, but on account of the added radiating surface afforded within a given width permitted for the radiator On a vehicle. Usuall'y. .where,the top is thus or similarly formed, the bottom is correspondingly formed, as is also the core from top to bot-- tom. My improved construction lends itself to very desirable modifications from this ordinary design. Thus, as indicated in Figs. 1 to a, the bottom 2 is straight from side to side and the units 10, while having their upper edges bent to follow the curved formation of the slots 25 which are parallel with the curved front of the radiator top 1, have this curvature gradually modified from their tops to their bottoms until, when they reach the bottom 2 they are straight and conform to the straight slots 26 of the bottom 2. It will be understood that other designs involving this shaping of the units 10 may he adopted as may suit the fancy or require-- ways hotter at the top than at the bottom.

If freezing of the radiator takes places it begins at the bottom. Where the radiating capacityv of the top and bottom are substantially the same, it may very well be that in extremely cold weather the bottom of the radiator would begin to freeze while the nomore-extended top is not too cool. With more radiating surface at the top than at the bottom, the two parts of the radiator will function more nearly alike and in many-instances overheating in the one or freezing in the other will be avoided.

In 8 the openings and the surrounding necks are circular, but the embossing that surrounds these openings and necks is in the form of straight ridges 16 running diagonally of the sheet and crossing each other at right angles between the openings and necks 13; thus leaving the basin around each flanged neck 13 square. In this example, the embossing thus occupies almost all of he space between each four adjacent openings and the bosses 17 and 18 are not used. It will be understood that Fig. 8 represents the front plate 12' of one of these modified units 10 but it will be understood that the embossing on the other plate, corresponding to the embossing 15 on the plate 11, would be of the same pattern as that shown in Fig. 8.

In the other modification in Fig. 9, the openings and their surrounding necks 13 are also'round, but the bosses 16 are four-sided figures withv their sides curved inward and having the corners curved; this being an example of ornamental design to which my improved construction is readily adapted.

It will be understood that any other fanciful terior circulating space for the cooling me- 13 which may thus come in very close proximity to the contained water or other cooling medium as it passes around theneck 14. The free flow of the cooling medium therearound is facilitated by the ample space afforded by thebesses 15 and 16, and the increased surfaces formed by these embossings further contribute to the cooling effect.

" 'lVhere the inner bosses 17 and 18 are used,

as in Figs. 3 and 6, these, in addition to spacing the sheets apart as before described, act as battles to cause the water or other medium to splash in various directions into the adjacent enlarged spaces between the bosses 15 and 16 and around the necks 14:. In the examples of Figs. 8 and 9 with these bosses 17 and 18 absent, this splashing efi'ect is not so pronounced; but it will be seen that the diagonal arrangement in Fig. 8 and the sinuous arrangement of the most closely adjacent'parts of the plate in Fig. 9 will 1 function very much in this manner. Also,

it will be understood that any of these modified designs may have such elements as the bosses 17 and 18 incorporated in them.

In the modification shown in Fig. 7 the sheets 11 and 12 have openings, but the sheet 12 has no neck 14 to form a spacing element. The sheet 11 has the neck 13 which passes through the opening in the sheet 12 and is flanged outwardly against the front surface thereof. These parts are surrounded by the bosses 15 and 16 in the respective sheets, and also have the inner bosses 17 and 18. It will be understood that these detailswill function as in the previous examples; but the air passing through the opening within the neck 13 cannot come so close to the contained cooling element as where only the comparatively thin telescoping, walls 13 and 1 1 intervene as in the previous example. Here, there is interposed a comparatively great annular extent of the sheet metal presented edgewise.

Therefore, this construction is not so effi- .cient; and the capacity is not as large for sheets of a given size. It is cited as another example conforming to the principle of my invention.

In any of the examples, it is preferable that the units 10 be arranged so that their front-to-rear openings for the passage of air are in alinement, as clearly shown in Figs. 2

and 3. This permits ready access to any.

one of the openings in any one of the units through the openings of the intervening units. This is very desirable for repairing any of the joints around these openings. Where the upper part of the radiator has the curved formation as shown, the openings in the upper parts of the units will not be strictly in front-to-rear alinement; but the alinement will be sufiicient for the practical purposes just mentioned.

I have found by actual experiment that the radiator core made up of very thin sheet metal and constructed as hereinbefore debetween the sheets, as by -'-the telescoping flanged and soldered necks 13 and 14:, or the flanged and soldered construction shown in Fig. 7. The former is especially strong because of the comparatively great extent of intimately contacting surfaces of the two sheets around the necks, as well as at their flanged junction, which thus reinforce each other very materially, even aside from the very effective soldering that may be effected throughout these extensive surfaces.

Notwithstanding the considerable degree of embossing, and the intricacy of travel which the cooling medium must undergo, which thus facilitates the cooling and guards against disruption, there is no objectionable obstruction to encourage the collection of sediment at any place in the radiator.

While certain constructional details are deemed preferable in connection with mv invention, and I have shown and described these rather specifically .in elucidating the construction and use of my invention, as is required, I do not wish to be understood as being limited to such precise showing and description, but having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edge parts suitably joined, and each one of said openings ofone sheet being substantially coincident with a respective openincident openings having a neck therearound projected through and flanged out around the edge oftlle coincident opening in the other sheet, and one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side remote from the other sheet around and between said openings.

2. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edge parts suitably joined, and each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening of the other sheet, one of each two coincident openings having a neck therearound projected through and flanged out around the edge ofthe coincident opening in the other sheet, and each one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly from its side remote from the other sheet ing of the other sheet, one of each' two ooincident openings having a neck therearound projected through and flanged out around the edge of the coincident opening in the other sheet, one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side' remote from the other sheet around and between said openings, and one of said sheets having parts embossed inwardly toward the other sheet between said outwardly embossed parts.

4:. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably oined, and each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening in the other sheet, each sheet having a neck around each one of its openings, and the neck of each opening of one sheet being of less diameter than the neck of the coincident opening in the other sheet, and being projected through said neck and opening of the other sheet and flanged out around the edge of said coincident opening in the other sheet, with the neck of'that opening forming spacing means between the two sheets around the neck that projects through it, and one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side remote from the other sheet around and between said openings.

5. In a radiator two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably joined, and each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening of the other sheet, each one of said sheets having necks around the respective openings thereof, ,the necks of one sheet being of less diameter than the necks of the other sheet, and beingproj ected through said necks of the other sheet and flanged out around the edge of the coincident opening inthe other sheet, and one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side remote from the other sheet around and between said openings.

6. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably joined, mid each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening in the other sheet, each sheet having a neck around each one of its openings, and the neck of one of each two coincident openings being of less diameter than the neck of the coincident opening in the other sheet, and being pro ected through said neck and opening of the other sheet and flanged out around the edge of said coincident opening in the other sheet, with the neck of that opening forming spacing means between the two sheets around the neck that projects through it, one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side remote from the other sheet around and between said openings, and one of said sheets having parts embossed 'inw ardly toward the other sheet between said outwardly embossed parts.

7. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably oined, and each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening of the other sheet, each one of said sheets having necks around the respective openings thereof, the necks of one, sheet ceing of less diameter than the necks of the other sheet, and being projected through said necks of the other sheet and flanged out around the edge of the coincident opening in the other sheet, one of said sheets having parts embossed outwardly on its side remote from the other sheet around and between said openings, and one of said sheets having parts embossed inwardly toward the other sheet between said outwardly embossed parts.

8. In a radiator, two sheets, each having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably joined, and each one of said openings of one sheet being substantially coincident with a respective opening in the other sheet, each sheet having a neck around each one of its openings, and the neck of each two coincident openings being of less diameter than the neck of the coincident opening in the other sheet, and being, projected through said neck and opening of the other sheet and flanged out around the edge of said coincident opening in the other sheet, with the neck of that opening forming spacing means between the two sheets around the neck that projects through it, and each one of said sheets having parts embossed outs wardly on its part remote from the other sheet around and between said openings.

9. In a radiator, a hollow top and a hollow bottom, and a plurality of conducting and radiating elements extending from said top' to said bottom, and each communicating with the interiors of said top and bottom, each one of said elements having a plurality of openings through it around which its hollow interior is disposed, said elements be- 1ng curved at their junctions with said top,

and the degree of their curvature gradually.

decreasing toward said bottom. v

10. In a radiatorya hollow top having a plurality of transverse slots in its bottom succeeding from front to rear thereof, and

a hollow bottom having a plurality of transverse slots in its top succeeding from front to rear thereof, and a plurality of radiating and conducting units each made up of two sheets, each sheet having a plurality of openings, said sheets havin their edges suitably joined, and each one said openings of one 1 sheet in a unit being substantially coincitom pf said top being curved, and the sheets of the respective units being correspondingly curved'in their extension through said slots, but gradually decreasing incurvature toward said bottom.

I 11. In a radiator, a hollow top having a plurality of transverse slots in its bottom succeeding from front to rear thereof, and a -hollow bottom having a plurality of trans-. verse slots in its top succeeding from front to rear thereof, and a plurality of radiating and conducting units each made up of two sheets, each sheet having a plurality of openings, said sheets having their edges suitably joined, and each one of said 0 enings of one sheet in a unit being substantlally coincident with a respective opening of the other sheet of the unit, and one of each two coincident openings having a neck therearound projected through and flanged out around the edge of the coincident opening in the other sheet, the parts of said sheets being in spaced-apart relation whereby cirprojected through culating spaces are formed in each unit around its opening, and the upper and lower edge parts of the sheets of each unit being a respective slot in said top and said bottom, respectively, the necks and openings of each one of said units thus made up bein in substantial front-to-rear alinement witirl respective necks and openings in each one of the other units of the radiator, said slots in the bottom of said top being curved, and the sheets of the respective units being correspondingly curved in their extension through said slots, but gradually decreasing in curvature toward said bottom, the alinement of said necks of the several units near the bottom being substantially from front to rear, but the alinement of said necks in saidunits near the top being along lines increasingly diverging toward the top.

12. In a radiator, an upright conducting and radiating element, having a plurality of openings through it around which its hollow interior is disposed, and having interior enlarged spaces adjacent to and around said openings, and bafiles in said interior adjacent to respective enlarged spaces to cause a liquid cooling medium in said interior to splash in various directions into said enlarged spaces and around said openings.

13. In a radiator, an upright conducting and radiating element having a hollow i11- terior, and having a plurality of necks extending across said hollow interior with the interiors of said necks communicating with the exterior of the element and constituting openings through said clement around which the hollow interior of said element is disposed, and said interior of said element having enlarged spaces adjacent to and around respective ones of said necks for the free passage of a cooling medium against and around said necks.

.14. In a radiator, an upright conducting and radiating element having a hollow interior, and having a plurality of necks extending across, said hollow interior with the interiors of said necks communicatin with the exterior of the element and constituting openings through said element around which the hollowinterior of said element is disposed, said interior of said element having enlarged spaces adjacent to and around respective ones of said necks for the free passage of a cooling medium against and around said necks, and a plurality of baffles in said interior of said element adjacent to respective ones of said enlarged spaces to cause said coolin medium to splash in various directions into said enlarged spaces and around said necks.

15. In a radiator, an upright conducting and radiating element having a plurality of openings through it around which its hollow interior is disposed, means whereby a liquid cooling medium is conducted into said element in its upper part, and means whereby said medium escapes from said element in its lower part, said element being transversely curved in its upper part with the curvature thereof gradually decreasing toward its lower part, and said element having a plurality of openings through it around which its hollow interior is disposed, these openings being distributed throughout said upper curved part and said lower part and throughout the region of gradually decreas- 

